TimeLine of the Development of GlycoScience & GlycoBiology

1880s - Characterization of monosaccharides by Emil Fischer

1952 - Fresh, not aged, Aloe gel heals radiation burns on rabbits (Clarence C. Lushbaugh, Cancer 1953 vol. 6)

1970 - 500 glycoscience & glycobiology papers published

1976 - Research paper identifies the 8 sugars found in biological glycoproteins and glycolipids

1980 - 1500 glycobiology & glycoscience papers published

1990 - 4000 glycobiology & glycoscience papers published

1990 - Journal of Glycobiology started by Oxford University

1990 - "Capitalizing on Carbohydrates" by John Hodgson in BioTechnology, Vol. 8 Feb. 1990 discussing cell surfaces containing carbohydrates involved in intercellular communication and essential for immune function

1992 - Active component in Aloe gel is stabilized

1995 - Nature.com: cell surface sugars necessary for recognition and immune function

1996 - Harper's Biochemistry, Murray et al.: chapter on glycoproteins focuses on the 8 necessary sugars used in glycoproteins and glycolipids for cellular communication

1998 - Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, January, vol. 33, #1, Articles on ADHD & Fibromyalgia

1998 - Acta Anatomica: special March issue on glycoscience; emphasizes that information content of biological sugar combinations exceeds that of the DNA code

1998 - Healthy humans given radiologically labeled galactose, mannose and glucose incorporate all three directly into glycoproteins, proving that the body uses the different sugars as nutrients directly from the diet, instead of manufacturing them all from glucose alone. Biochimie – 2002 recent advances

2000 – Now over 8000 glycobiology papers published

2000 - March GlycoScience.org website

2000 - Newton Graphic Science Magazine: the science of cellular messaging

2001 - August, Book “Sugars That Heal” by Emil Mondoa, M.D.

2001 - Science: March 23 issue features "Carbohydrates and Glycobiology"; reviews structural and functional uses of 8 critical sugars in cellular physiology

2001 - Impact of Glycobiology on Medicine (PDF) TRENDS in Immunology Vol 22 No 5 May 2001 Dr. John Axford MD - Past President of the Royal Society of Medicine, London England says... "It is now becoming increasingly clear how important it is to understand these changes, to gain insight into their involvement in disease mechanisms and the potential for therapeutic interventions."

2001 - NIH grants consortium $34 million to study cell-cell communication interactions, a.k.a. glycoscience

2002 - Australian Journal of Chemistry 55(2): Carbohydrates Special Issue

2002 - The Scientist 16:9 April 29 "Glycobiology Goes to the Ball"

2002 - Yahoo lists 15,000 entries for the glyconutrient "mannose"

2002 - Scientific American: July, "Sweet Medicine: Building Better Drugs from Sugars"

2002 - New Scientist Archive: October story quotes JHU biochemist emphasizing glycobiology as the future of immunology, neurology, developmental biology, and disease research

2002 - CAM: Volume 2, Issue 5 - December 2002 "Arthritis - Using the New Glyconutritionals"

2003 - Yahoo lists 63,000 entries for the glyconutrient "mannose"

2003 - Book – “Science or Miracle” by George DuBouch, Ph.D

2005 – June Google lists 324,600 entries for glycobiology & glycoscience.

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